Gerunds หรือ Verbal Nouns
Gerunds หรือ Verbal
Nouns
มีคำกริยา 2 ประเภทที่ลงท้ายด้วย ing ประเภทแรกเรียกว่า
present participle คือคำที่ใช้กับกริยาช่วย (auxiliary verb)
เพื่อทำให้ประโยคนั้นๆเป็นรูป continuous tense เช่น- We are making good progress.
- Susan was dancing in the moonlight.
- I shall be seeing George tomorrow.
- I have been struggling with English Grammar all week.
- The ward seemed to be full of crying babies.
- The lady standing behind me in the queue suddently fainted.
- Shaking in fury, Harry walked out of the room.
- I watched Susan dancing in the moonlight.
1. เนื่องจาก gerund เป็นคำนาม (noun) มันจึงทำหน้าที่เป็นประธานของกริยา เช่น
- Dancing relaxes you.
- Running is a good way to keep fit.
- Smoking is banned on all flights.
- Drink-driving has caused many tragic deaths.
- Jim loves walking and mountain-climbing.
- Have you ever tried skating?
- I don't like waiting in queues.
- Think before deciding.
- Always shower after exercising.
- Thanks for helping.
- You're good at drawing.
- Seeing is believing.
- Looking at another player's cards is cheating.
- Have you brought your swimming costume?
- The washing machine is broken.
- I'll show you to the dining room.
- The play would have been nothing without the accomplished acting.
- Noisy coughing spoilt the performance for me.
- The children's delightful singing made the evening.
- This unseemingly shouting is getting us nowhere.
- My girlfriend is fed up with my inexpert dancing.
- Any cheating will be severely punished.
- No smoking is permitted aboard the aircraft.
Gerund หรือเรียกอีกอย่างหนึ่งว่า verbal noun ยังมีลักษณะเฉพาะของคำกริยาคือ
1. สามารถมีกรรม (object) มารองรับ ซึ่งรวมถึงกรรมโดยอ้อม (indirect object) เช่น
- Taking excercise is good for you.
- Giving people presents is fun.
- We try to avoid punishing pupils.
- Ellen is good at getting her own way.
- The big problem will be finding the time.
- We'll gain nothing by acting hastily.
- I don't enjoy sitting in the sun.
- Talking to people has to be more sensible than war.
- Working all night long will not improve your health.
- I hated being cross-questioned like that.
- I'm pround of having written that book.
- Not having the car this week is a great nuisance.
- Not being a university graduate hasn't made any difference to my success.
- I was hurt at not being invited to the wedding.
- Sensitive handling of the economy is required at this stage.
- The settling of claims may take quite a time.
- Please remain seated during the singing of the next hymn.
- The reading of the will takes place at two o'clock.
- It's no good losing your temper.
- It's no use your shouting.
- It's great having the apartment to myself.
- It's a nuisance not having the car this week.
- No Parking Overnight.
- No Littering.
- No running in the corridor, please!
- No talking in class, please!
- I suggest moving his desk into the bedroom.
- Do you enjoy causing trouble?
- At last it has stopped raining.
- Have you finished writing your assignment?
- I keep (on) forgetting to buy washing powder.
- You'll get a seat if you don't mind waiting in a queue.
- Avoid hurting other people's feelings.
- I can't help feeling angry.
- I can't bear seeing good food wasted.
- Dad can't stand apologizing.
- Would you consider taking a lower-paid job?
- I dislike making a fuss.
- Don't give up trying.
- Do you fancy climbing that tower?
- I can't risk leaving the door uncocked.
- They burst out laughing.
- The mountaineering will involve climbing with ropes.
- Practise moving your toes independently.
- I admitted using her computer.
- I denied having altered any settings on her computer.
- We believe in disciplining children early.
- I insist on driving you to the station.
- Jake persisted in disrupting the classes.
- I apologize for being late.
- I object to paying for parking outside my own apartment block.
- Are you thinking of changing jobs?
- Richard dreams of becoming an opera singer.
- I wouldn't dream of waking her before 8 o'clock.
- I don't approve of teaching children to read before the age of five.
- He worries about not being accepted by other people.
- I depend wholly on having good health.
- We're looking forward to meeting you.
- The weather didn't stop me from enjoying my holiday.
- Can we interest you in investing in our company?
- Are you accusing me of lying?
- We suspected her of having committed fraud.
- The authorities prevented us from finding out the truth.
- I prefer rail travel to flying.
- The difficulty of making yourself understood makes you reluctant to talk to deaf people.
- The thought of packing up all my belongings fills me with dread.
- If there's no alternative to telling a lie, you have to do it.
- Do you think there's any possibility of persuading her?
- When I next get the opportunity of speaking to her, I'll mention your name.
- She always had a taste for dressing outrageously.
- My inclination is of course towards holidaying somewhere warm.
- There are various methods of backing up your files.
- George showed no interest in taking exercise.
- Thank you for your kindness in offering us hospitality for the night.
- There's a ban on smoking in most public places nowadays.
- Congratulations on winning the competition.
- The idea of that man kissing her appalled him.
- This book is intended as a brief introduction to computer-programming.
- There's no proof of her having visited Jack that evening.
- There's no substitute for swimming in the sea.
- I'm so bad at organizing myself.
- He's obviously determined on leaving as soon as possible.
- Are you interested in making some money?
- Janet's too fond of teasing people.
- Is he really capable of murdering someone?
- Mary's incapable of hurting anyone deliberately.
- Who's responsible for locking up the shop?
- Ellen's clever at manipulating people.
- I'm pleased at having won so much support.
- We're accustomed to getting up early.
- You're not afraid of getting wet, are you?
Verb + verbal noun Verb + to infinitive
- She continued reading quietly in his corner. / Same continued to read quietly in his corner.
- The customer started making a fuss./ The customer started to make a fuss.
- The baby began yelling./ The baby began to yell.
- We intend visiting the museum later today./ We intend to visit the museum later today.
- We prefer making our own Christmas cards./ We prefer to make our own Christmas cards.
- เราสามารถใช้ได้ทั้ง verbal nouns (หรือ gerund) และ to-infinitive
กับคำกริยาต่างต่อไปนี้ โดยที่มีความหมายเหมือนกัน คือ
Verb + verbal noun Verb + to infinitive - I can't bear waiting (=I suffer while waiting) for exam results. /
- Open the letter now- I can't bear to wait (=I don't want to wait).
- I love learning (= I enjoy learning) new skills.
- I love to learn (=I often choose to learn) new skills.
- I like getting up early (= I enjoy getting up early).
- I like to get up early (=I choose to get up early).
- I hate hurting (=I'm unhappy when I hurt) her feelings.
- I hate to hurt (=I don't want to hurt) her feelings.
เราสามารถใช้ verbal noun ตามหลัง advise, allow, permit และ forbid ได้ถ้าหากว่าไม่มีกรรม (object) ในรูปของคำนาม หรือ คำสรรพนาม แต่ถ้ามี object ก็ให้ใช้ to-infinitive เช่น
Verb verbal noun verb + to-infinitive
- We advise arriving early at the theatre./ We advise you to arrive early at the theatre.
- We permit smoking in Coach M./ We permit passengers to smoke in Coach M.
- They don't allow picnicking here./ They don't allow people to picnic here.
- We forbid drug-taking in this hostel./ We forbid guests to take drugs in this hostel.
need และ require เราสามารถสร้างประโยคเป็น passive to-infinitive หรือใช้รูป ing โดยมีความหมาย passive ได้ เช่น
- These dishes need to be washed.
- These dishes need washing.
- These letters require to be filed.
- These letters require filing.
- The garden wants weeding.
ขอขอบคุณ แหล่งที่มาจาก :http://pserm-e-grammar.blogspot.com/2008/04/gerunds-verbal-nouns.html
น่าสนใจมากเลย ค่ะ ได้ความรู้เกี่ยวกับ Gerund เพิ่มขึ้น
ตอบลบขอบคุณค่ะ
ตอบลบเข้าใจง่ายขึ้นมากเลยค่ะ
ตอบลบเข้าใจมากขึ้น ค่ะ
ตอบลบอ่านเเล้วเข้าใจดีนะคะ
ตอบลบเนื้อหาดีมากค่ะ
ตอบลบเนื้อหาดีมากเลยคะ
ตอบลบดีมากๆเลยคะ ได้ความรู้มากๆเลยคะ
ตอบลบwowww that's great
ตอบลบเนื้อหาเยอะ แต่เข้าใจง่ายคะ่
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